The deep ocean is a vital force within the Earth system and must be protected from harm. The priority approach to the consumption of mineral resources should beone ofsustainability, reuse, improved product design and recycling of materials rather than exploring for new sources of minerals, including in the deep-sea. Ifdeep-sea mining is permitted to occur, it should not take place until appropriate and effective regulations for exploration and exploitation are in place to ensure that the full range of marine habitats, biodiversity and ecosystem functions are adequatelyand effectively protected, including through a network of marine protected areas and reserves.
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